Otorhinolaryngology (also called otolaryngology-head and neck surgery) is a surgical subspecialty within medicine that deals with conditions of the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) and related structures of the head and neck. Doctors who specialize in this area are called otorhinolaryngologists, otolaryngologists, ENT doctors, ENT surgeons, or head and neck surgeons. Patients seek treatment from an otorhinolaryngologist for diseases of the ear, nose, throat, base of the skull, and for the surgical management of cancers and benign tumors of the head and neck.
Video Otorhinolaryngology
Etymology
The term is a combination of New Latin combining forms (oto- + rhino- + laryngo- + -logy) derived from four Ancient Greek words: ??? ous (gen.: ???? otos), "ear", ??? rhis, "nose", ?????? larynx, "larynx" and -????? logia, "study" (cf. Greek ???????????????????, "otorhinolaryngologist").
Maps Otorhinolaryngology
Training
Otorhinolaryngologists are physicians (MD, DO, MBBS, MBChB, etc.) who, in the United States, complete at least five years of surgical residency training. This is composed of six months of general surgical training and four and a half years in specialist surgery. In Canada and the United States, practitioners complete a five-year residency training after medical school.
Following residency training, some otolaryngologist-head & neck surgeons complete an advanced sub-specialty fellowship, where training can be one to two years in duration. In the United States and Canada, otorhinolaryngology is one of the most competitive specialties in medicine in which to obtain a residency position following medical school.
In the United Kingdom entrance to otorhinolaryngology higher surgical training is highly competitive and involves a rigorous national selection process. The training programme consists of 6 years of higher surgical training after which trainees frequently undertake fellowships in a sub-speciality prior to becoming a consultant.
Sub-specialties
(* Currently recognized by American Board of Medical Subspecialties)
Topics
Head and neck oncology
- Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx
- Oral cancer
- Skin cancer of the head & neck
- Thyroid cancer
- Endocrine surgery of the head and neck (thyroidectomy, parathyroidectomy)
- Microvascular free flap reconstruction
- Skull base surgery
- Salivary gland cancer
Otology and neurotology
- Dizziness
- BPPV - benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
- Labyrinthitis/Vestibular neuronitis
- Ménière's disease/Endolymphatic hydrops
- Perilymphatic fistula
- Acoustic neuroma
- Hearing loss
- Mastoiditis
- Otitis externa - outer ear or ear canal inflammation
- Otitis media - middle ear inflammation
- Perforated eardrum (hole in the eardrum due to infection, trauma, explosion or loud noise)
- Ear surgery
Rhinology
Rhinology includes nasal dysfunction and sinus diseases.
- Nasal obstruction
- Sinusitis - acute, chronic
- Environmental allergies
- Rhinitis
- Pituitary tumor
- Empty nose syndrome
- Severe or recurrent epistaxis
Pediatric otorhinolaryngology
- Adenoidectomy
- Caustic ingestion
- Cricotracheal resection
- Decannulation
- Laryngomalacia
- Laryngotracheal reconstruction
- Myringotomy and tubes
- Obstructive sleep apnea - pediatric
- Tonsillectomy
Laryngology
- Dysphonia/hoarseness
- Laryngitis
- Reinke's edema
- Vocal cord nodules and polyps
- Spasmodic dysphonia
- Tracheostomy
- Cancer of the larynx
- Vocology - science and practice of voice habilitation
Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery
Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery is a one-year fellowship open to otorhinolaryngologists and plastic surgeons who wish to specialize in the aesthetic and reconstructive surgery of the head, face, and neck.
- Rhinoplasty and septoplasty
- Facelift (rhytidectomy)
- Browlift
- Blepharoplasty
- Otoplasty
- Genioplasty
- Injectable cosmetic treatments
- Trauma to the face
- Nasal bone fracture
- Mandible fracture
- Orbital fracture
- Frontal sinus fracture
- Complex lacerations and soft tissue damage
- Skin cancer (e.g. Basal Cell Carcinoma)
See also
- American Board of Otolaryngology
- American Osteopathic Board of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology
- Head and neck anatomy
- Head and neck cancer
- Head mirror
- Surgeon
- Audiology
- Oral and maxillofacial surgery
- Speech-language pathology
References
External links
- Associations and Societies
- http://jemds.com/latest-articles.php?at_id=5185 PAPILLARY CARCINOMA IN THYROGLOSSAL CYST
- American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
- American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society (The Trilogical Society)
- American Head and Neck Society
- British Association of Otorhinolaryngologists-Head and Neck Surgeons
- Australian Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
- Canadian Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
- The Voice Foundation
- American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology
- International Federation of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies
- American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
- American Academy of Otolaryngic Allergy
- American Broncho-Esophagological Association
- American Laryngological Association
- Society for Ear, Nose and Throat Advances in Children
- European Federation of Otorhinolaryngological Societies
- American Rhinologic Society
- American Otological Society
- Journals
- Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
- Journal of Voice
- Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology
- Journal of Laryngology and Otology
- TWJ Foundation
- PAPILLARY CARCINOMA IN THYROGLOSSAL CYST: A CASE REPORT by Dr.Juveria Majeed
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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